PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.